Four clinical interventions during the second stage of labor have been studied to assess their effects on genital tract trauma. These include: 1) the use of episiotomy, 2) maternal position for ...

An episiotomy involves cutting the pelvic-floor ... this research has the potential to make deliveries safer and less traumatic for mothers." Heidi Feigenbaum, professor of mechanical engineering ...

Trauma to the genital tract can be secondary to episiotomy, spontaneous lacerations, or both. Although genital tract trauma is common, its full extent may be underestimated. Reasons for this ...